Text and strings

Strings are values with tools

You met strings in the first lesson. A string is a piece of text. Every string has properties and methods that you reach with a dot.

const city = 'Lisbon';
console.log(city.length);        // 6
console.log(city.toUpperCase()); // LISBON

• A property is a fact about the value, such as length. It has no parentheses.
• A method is an action that the value can do, such as toUpperCase(). It has parentheses, and sometimes it has values inside them.

A method does not change the string. It gives you a new string, and you can keep it in a variable.

Useful methods

Code	Result
'hello'.toUpperCase()	'HELLO'
'HELLO'.toLowerCase()	'hello'
' hi '.trim()	'hi'
'hello'.slice(1, 3)	'el'
'hello'.indexOf('l')	2
'hello'.includes('ell')	true
'a-b-c'.split('-')	['a', 'b', 'c']
'ha'.repeat(3)	'hahaha'

Positions start at zero

The first character of a string is at position 0, not 1. In 'hello', the letter h is at position 0, and o is at position 4.

Joining strings

Use + to join strings: 'Hello, ' + name. A template string does the same and is easier to read: `Hello, ${name}`.

Your turn

The constant name is already in the editor. Write your code under it.